COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS IN CHILDREN OF THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF LIFE: PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Deviations in mental development among children under three years of age remain a highly significant issue for specialists in pediatrics, child neurology, psychiatry, and medical psychology. The importance of this developmen­tal period is determined by the high plasticity of the central nervous system and the potential effectiveness of pre­ventive interventions when risk factors are identified in a timely manner. The study aims to develop a comprehensive system for the early detection and prevention of mental developmental disorders in children under three years of age. This approach is based on the prognostic assessment of multiple biological, perinatal, psychological, family, and medico-social factors.

The study analyzes risk factors such as complicated pregnancy and childbirth, preterm birth, perinatal central nervous system injury, delayed motor and speech development, disturbances in socio-emotional interaction, family stress, and insufficient developmental stimulation. Particular attention is paid to dynamic monitoring of psychomotor, speech, cognitive, and socio-emotional development, identification of high-risk groups, and justification of the need for in-depth assessment. The proposed strategy is implemented through the joint efforts of pediatricians, neurolo­gists, psychiatrists, psychologists, speech therapists, and primary health care professionals.

The combined use of prognostic indicators and interdisciplinary follow-up may improve the reliability of early identification of unfavorable developmental trajectories, enable timely initiation of corrective and developmental in­terventions, and reduce the risk of persistent developmental abnormalities. The integration of different approaches contributes to better adaptive functioning of the child, improved effectiveness of early support, and enhanced quality of life for the family.