IMMUNOPATHOGENETIC BASES OF HEMORRHAGIC VASCULITIS IN CHILDREN (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), is an immune-mediated inflammation of small blood vessels, characterized by the deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes within the affected vessels. IgAV is the most common form of vasculitis in children, manifesting with palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain, and proteinuria. However, the exact pathogenesis of IgAV remains elusive. Based on epidemiological data, this article examines the role of various immunological factors—such as galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes, components of the complement system, and the impact of immunization—in the development of the disease. Objective. To analyze the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of hemorrhagic vasculitis in children and, consequently, to develop a risk-reduction strategy. Conclusion. Immune-mediated components of hemorrhagic vasculitis—such as the activation of B cells, the overproduction of immunoglobulins, the development of capillary-toxic processes, and the presence of immune complexes in the bloodstream—provide a basis for developing new therapeutic approaches that target all underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.