THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FSHR AND LHCGR GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN OVARIAN AGING AND DIMINISHED OVARIAN RESERVE

Ovarian aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive quantitative and qualitative decline in the follicular pool, which has a substantial impact on female reproductive health and overall quality of life. This process is not limited to a decline in fertility but is also associated, in the long term, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and overall mortality. Therefore, early identification of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying ovarian aging and diminished ovarian reserve is of considerable importance for improving individualized pregnancy planning, providing personalized genetic counseling, and optimizing strategies for the preservation of reproductive health and the management of women during reproductive aging and the postmenopausal period. Particular attention is given to polymorphisms of the FSHR and LHCGR genes, which encode receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, respectively. Investigation of genetic variants in these genes may contribute to a better understanding of individual differences in folliculogenesis, ovarian hormonal response, and the development of diminished ovarian reserve.