EFFICACY OF ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF DIRECT CAROTID-CAVERNOUS FISTULAS: ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND EXPERIENCE WITH DIFFERENT OCCLUSION TECHNIQUES

A retrospective analysis was conducted of the treatment outcomes in 23 patients with direct carotid-cavernous fistulas who underwent treatment at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Neurosurgery between 2021 and 2025. The mean age of the patients was 37.4 ± 10.74 years. Males accounted for 78.3% (n=18) of the study population, while females comprised 21.7% (n=5). The primary etiological factor was traumatic brain injury, observed in 69.6% of cases. In the remaining 30.4% of patients, fistulas developed spontaneously in association with vascular risk factors. Treatment modalities included coil embolization, stent-graft implantation, and combined endovascular techniques.