EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL INTERACTION OF MODERN ADHESIVE MATERIALS USED IN PROSTHODONTICS WITH BIOLOGICAL TISSUES

This article analyzes, on the basis of contemporary scientific evidence, the biological interaction of modern adhesive systems used in prosthodontics with dental hard tissues, the dentin–pulp complex, and oral soft tissues. The effects of functional monomers, particularly 10-MDP, HEMA, Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA, in universal, self-etch, and etch-and-rinse systems on adhesive-interface stability and cytotoxic potential are discussed. The dentin barrier, degree of polymerization, residual monomer elution, oxidative stress, and cell viability are considered key determinants of biological safety. Particular attention is paid to bioactive and HEMA-free adhesives and their potential to improve remineralization, antibacterial activity, and hydrolytic stability. The evidence indicates that clinical selection of an adhesive should be based not only on bond strength but also on chemical composition, application protocol, polymerization quality, and biocompatibility.