MODERN APPROACHES TO ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER DISEASE: THE ROLE OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA AND LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY

Gastric ulcer disease remains an important problem in gastroenterology because of the risks of recurrence, complications, and delayed ulcer healing in certain patient populations. Despite the effectiveness of antisecretory therapy and Helicobacter pylori eradication, there is continued interest in adjunctive approaches aimed at stimulating reparative processes in the gastric mucosa. This review aims to summarize current perspectives on endoscopic treat­ment of gastric ulcer disease, focusing on the potential applications of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and low-level laser therapy. The mechanisms of mucosal regeneration, the contribution of platelet-derived growth factors to cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue restoration, and the proposed biological effects of laser irradiation are dis­cussed. Particular attention is given to the potential of local endoscopic PRP administration, its photoactivation, and its combination with conventional antiulcer treatment. Issues related to PRP preparation standardization, selection of laser parameters, safety, and objective assessment of treatment outcomes are also addressed. These technologies represent promising areas for further investigation; however, their clinical efficacy in gastric ulcer disease requires confirmation through well-designed controlled studies. An individualized treatment approach is emphasized, with established medical therapy remaining the foundation of gastric ulcer management.