MODERN ASPECTS OF BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Breast cancer remains one of the most significant challenges in modern oncology and represents the most common malignant disease among women worldwide. Despite substantial advances in early detection and treatment, it continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the female population. Recent progress in understanding the molecular and biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis has facilitated the implementation of personalized approaches to diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes current data on the epidemiology, risk factors, molecular-genetic characteristics, screening strategies, and diagnostic methods of breast cancer. Particular attention is given to contemporary principles of surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Emerging directions in breast cancer management, including liquid biopsy, molecular tumor profiling, and artificial intelligence technologies, are also discussed.

The available evidence highlights the importance of comprehensive and individualized management strategies aimed at improving treatment outcomes and quality of life in patients with breast cancer.