MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ULNAR NERVE COMPRESSION NEUROPATHY

Abstract

This article analyzes modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of ulnar nerve compression neuropathy. Between 2021 and 2025, 56 patients were examined at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic methods in various clinical forms of cubital tunnel syndrome and to determine the optimal treatment strategy. The patients were divided into three groups: conservative treatment (n = 18), simple decompression (n = 17), and ulnar nerve transposition (n = 21). All patients underwent clinical and neurological examination, ultrasonography, electroneuromyography, and functional assessment.The results demonstrated that the highest effectiveness was observed in the nerve transposition group (92.8% good outcomes), compared with 79.2% in the simple decompression group and 61.5% in the conservative treatment group. Ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 94.2% in detecting nerve thickening. Electroneuromyography remains the gold standard for diagnosing axonal damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention significantly improve patients' quality of life. The proposed algorithm can be widely applied in clinical practice.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of modern diagnostic methods in various clinical forms of ulnar nerve compression neuropathy, compare the outcomes of different treatment approaches, and develop an optimal treatment algorithm.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted from 2021 to 2025 at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. A total of 56 patients diagnosed with cubital tunnel syndrome were included in the study. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 75 years (mean age 45.3 ± 12.7 years), including 31 men (57%) and 25 women (43%).

Results. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the 56 patients included in the study were as follows. Age distribution: 18–30 years – 10 patients (18%), 31–45 years – 23 patients (42%), 46–60 years – 16 patients (29%), and over 60 years – 6 patients (10%). Gender distribution: 31 males (57%) and 25 females (43%).

Conclusion. Modern diagnosis and treatment of ulnar nerve compression neuropathy require a comprehensive approach. The combined use of ultrasonography and electroneuromyography provides high diagnostic accuracy. Ulnar nerve transposition is the most effective surgical treatment method and is especially recommended for severe cases.