TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common diseases of the internal organs. According to generalized data from population studies worldwide, the prevalence of IBS varies from 10 to 25%. A key link in the pathogenesis of IBS is the development of a cascade of pathological interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and pain perception mechanisms at all levels, from the periphery to the central nervous system, leading to sensorimotor dysfunction of the intestine. This, in conjunction with impaired serotonergic transmission, results in the emergence of both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of IBS. When diagnosing IBS, as in previous versions, it remains important not only to compare the identified symptoms for compliance with the Rome IV diagnostic criteria but also to exclude "alarm" symptoms. The treatment of patients with IBS remains a very complex and individualized task. This is due to the diversity of factors contributing to the disease's development, frequently occurring psycho-emotional disorders, comorbidity due to concomitant diseases in most cases, and the presence of functional overlap syndromes, the most common of which is the overlap of IBS and functional dyspepsia, which necessitates the simultaneous prescription of several drugs. The article presents a modern perspective on the complex therapy for irritable bowel syndrome, which includes the use of myotropic antispasmodics, bulk-forming laxatives, antidiarrheal agents, and psychotropic drugs. The features of the pathogenetic treatment of patients with IBS are considered. It is noted that drugs that correct the intestinal microflora—intestinal antiseptics, pro- and prebiotics—play a special role in the treatment of IBS.