COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION OF THE PROGRESSION OF PREDIABETES TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Prediabetes is a potentially reversible disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and a high risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This article discusses the principal components of comprehensive prevention, including early detection of metabolic abnormalities, individualized dietary modification, increased physical activity, reduction of excess body weight, normalization of sleep, and management of associated risk factors. Particular attention is given to the regular assessment of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, body mass index, and waist circumference. The importance of blood pressure control, correction of dyslipidaemia, and improvement of adherence to preventive recommendations is emphasized. In individuals with marked obesity, hereditary predisposition, and progressive dis­turbances of carbohydrate metabolism, non-pharmacological interventions may be supplemented with pharmaco­logical prevention according to individual indications.

Regular clinical and laboratory follow-up allows the effectiveness of interventions to be assessed and the preventive programme to be adjusted in a timely manner. A comprehensive approach improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, promotes normalization of glycaemia and body weight, and reduces the probability of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus.